| Structural System |
A documented load-bearing system engineered for the project site |
Cold-formed or hot-rolled steel frames, reinforced concrete modules, or engineered timber systems. Connections should be designed for vertical, wind, seismic, and transport loads. |
Structural calculations should address permanent loads, imposed loads, wind, snow where applicable, and earthquake actions. In China, design review should follow applicable national and local building codes. |
Is there a stamped structural design? Are connection details, load paths, and foundation reactions provided? |
| Steel Frame Quality |
Traceable steel with documented mechanical properties and corrosion protection |
Common structural steels include grades such as Q235 and Q355, subject to the approved design. Galvanizing or a tested multi-coat protective system is preferred in humid or coastal environments. |
Material certificates, welding procedures, weld inspection records, coating thickness reports, and applicable steel-structure requirements should be available. |
Can the supplier provide heat numbers, mill certificates, weld inspection results, and coating specifications? |
| Foundation Compatibility |
Foundation design matched to soil conditions, module weight, and local climate |
Possible systems include reinforced-concrete slabs, strip footings, piles, or adjustable pier foundations. The final choice depends on soil bearing capacity, drainage, frost, and seismic conditions. |
A geotechnical report and site-specific foundation drawings are more reliable than a standard foundation promise. |
Who is responsible for the soil investigation, foundation design, anchor layout, and site tolerances? |
| Wall and Roof Assembly |
A complete tested assembly rather than isolated material claims |
Typical layers may include exterior cladding, a drained or ventilated cavity, weather-resistant membrane, structural sheathing, insulation, vapor-control layer, and interior lining. |
Review the assembly drawings, thermal calculations, water-resistance details, fire performance, and approved installation method. |
Are thermal bridges, panel joints, penetrations, corners, and roof-to-wall interfaces shown in detail? |
| Insulation and Energy Performance |
U-values and energy performance calculated for the destination climate zone |
Mineral wool, glass wool, EPS, XPS, PIR, or spray polyurethane foam may be used. Performance depends on thickness, density, continuity, moisture, and workmanship. |
Request heat-transfer calculations and condensation-risk analysis based on the destination country or region. Local energy codes take priority over generic product claims. |
What are the tested or calculated roof, wall, floor, window, and whole-building U-values? |
| Fire Safety |
Fire-resistant assemblies and compliant escape provisions |
Non-combustible mineral wool and gypsum-based linings can improve fire resistance, but the complete wall or floor assembly must be assessed. Foam products require appropriate fire protection and detailing. |
Check reaction-to-fire classification, fire-resistance ratings, compartmentation, smoke control, alarms, exits, and local authority requirements. |
Are fire test reports issued for the exact assembly, thickness, joint type, and installation method being supplied? |
| Water and Air Tightness |
Continuous drainage, flashing, sealing, and controlled ventilation |
Key components include weather barriers, flashing, gaskets, sealants, roof underlay, raised thresholds, and properly sealed service penetrations. |
Look for water-penetration testing, air-leakage testing where required, and documented quality-control checks for joints and openings. |
How are module-to-module joints protected during transport, assembly, extreme rain, and long-term movement? |
| Windows and Exterior Doors |
Performance selected for the local wind, thermal, acoustic, and weather conditions |
Double glazing is common; low-emissivity coatings, thermally improved frames, laminated glass, and multipoint locking may be specified according to climate and security needs. |
Verify U-value, solar heat-gain or shading data, air leakage, water penetration, wind resistance, safety glazing, and acoustic performance. |
Are the window specifications based on the destination climate rather than a generic catalog configuration? |
| Electrical System |
Designed and tested for the destination country's voltage, frequency, earthing, and inspection rules |
Components must match the local electrical system. Typical provisions include distribution boards, residual-current protection, circuit breakers, grounding, smoke alarms, and cable protection. |
Electrical drawings, circuit schedules, insulation-resistance tests, continuity tests, and local approval documentation should be supplied. |
Will final wiring, sockets, protective devices, and certification be completed for the country of installation? |
| Plumbing and Wet Areas |
Accessible, tested, and frost- or corrosion-protected plumbing assemblies |
PEX, multilayer pipe, copper, or other locally approved systems may be used. Bathrooms should include waterproof membranes, falls to drains, sealed penetrations, and service access. |
Pressure testing, drainage testing, backflow protection, ventilation, and local water-quality requirements should be addressed. |
Where are shut-off valves, cleanouts, inspection panels, water heaters, pumps, and leak sensors located? |
| Factory Quality Control |
Documented inspection points from incoming materials through final packing |
Useful records include dimensional checks, torque records, weld inspections, moisture readings, insulation installation checks, pressure tests, and electrical test results. |
An ISO 9001-certified quality system can support consistency, but certification does not replace project-specific inspection and testing. |
Can the factory provide a quality plan, inspection-and-test plan, nonconformance records, and final inspection checklist? |
| Dimensional and Transport Design |
Modules engineered for lifting, road transport, shipping, and final placement |
Design should account for module dimensions, center of gravity, lifting points, temporary bracing, vibration, impact, packaging, and allowable site tolerances. |
Review lifting calculations, rigging instructions, transport restraints, packing lists, and installation sequencing. |
Are lifting lugs, temporary supports, crane requirements, and allowable lifting angles clearly documented? |
| Acoustic Performance |
Sound insulation designed for the building's occupancy and local code |
Performance depends on wall mass, resilient channels, cavity insulation, double layers, floating floors, seals, and treatment of flanking paths. |
Request laboratory or field test data for airborne sound, impact sound, and mechanical-equipment noise where relevant. |
Are the quoted acoustic ratings for the complete wall or floor assembly, including joints and penetrations? |
| Durability and Maintenance |
Materials selected for the exposure environment with replaceable finishes and accessible services |
Important factors include corrosion category, drainage, UV exposure, freeze-thaw cycles, termite risk, sealant life, roof membrane life, and access to concealed services. |
Request a maintenance schedule, coating system data, replacement procedures, warranty exclusions, and expected service-life assumptions. |
Which components are consumable, how are they replaced, and what maintenance is required during the first ten years? |
| Compliance Documentation |
A complete technical file that supports permitting and handover |
The file should include drawings, calculations, material certificates, test reports, installation manuals, as-built documents, operation manuals, and warranty terms. |
Chinese standards may govern factory production, while the destination country's building, fire, electrical, plumbing, and energy codes govern final approval. |
Who will adapt the design to local codes and provide documents accepted by the local building authority? |
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